When AN atom loses (transfers) electrons it becomes a charged particle known as ion. once AN atom gains electrons, it becomes a charged particle known as anions Cations and anions attract one another by electricity force of attraction that binds oppositely charged ions along is named ionic or chemical bond
example: Common salt is formed by the combination of sodium (Na )and Chlorine ( cl )atoms in this combination an atom of sodium transfers one electron and becomes positive sodium ion .And Associate in Nursing atom of chemical eleme Hint (Cl) gains that one election to finish its octet and becomes chloride negative particle (Cl)
Metal :
Elements which are good conductor of heat and electricity and have luster are called metals. Metals are electropositive elements.
Metallic bond:
The combination of electrostatic attraction between the electrons and positive nuclei of atoms is called metallic bond . Most of the metals have less than four valence electrons. these electrons are not confined to any particular atom instead they move freely from one atom to another atom. Hence the atoms are considered to be positively charged ions due to this reason a force of attraction develop between moving electrons and positively charged ions which is called metallic bond
Dry cell with working and construction
It is a primary cell, which is used to convert chemical energy electrical energy.It is used in flash lights, calculators, clocks etc.
Construction: In a dry cell there is an outer zinc vessel which acts as anode (+) and inert carbon (graphite) rod which acts as Cathode The graphite rod is surrounded by a mixture of manganese dioxide (MnO₂) and carbon powder. The electrolyte is a moist paste of ammonium chloride (NH,CI) and zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) The upper top position of the cell is sealed with wax. A cupper cap is fitted on the top of carbon rod (cathode) to make the electrical contact, The whole cell is covered with a safety cover.
Working: When zinc and graphite electrodes are connected with a wire, zine gets oxidized to form zinc ion (Zn²*) which pass into wet paste leaving behind electrons on the zinc container and the electrons move from zinc electrode to carbon electrode through the external circuit.
Why some metals are hard and some metals are soft ?
Some metals like sodium and Potassium are soft because they have weak metallic bonds between their atoms. The electrons in their shells are free to move throughout the crystal While some metals like iron and copper are hard because they have strong metallic bonds They have incomplete valence shells and they are covalently bonded to each other and become hard.
What is Matter?
It is defined as Any thing that has moss and occupies space is called matter. There are three states of Matte
In addition to above three states here two more states of matter namely, O plasma Bose Einstien condensta
What is Gasecus state of matter?
Ans A gas has no fixed volume or shape it
easily be compressed or expand. The molecules of gas are lying away from one another. ... according kinetic throng gaseous state show. following properties.
1). The molecule in gases are from each other. widely seperated
(2) The molecules have negligible volume. The gas molien mekcule are in contant random
The molecules move in straight line until they colides each other or wall of container.
1 On collision molecules don't love energy. Ⓒ Pressure is produced when molecules Collide with the wall of contained.
& There are attractive and repulsive forces between molecule.
